Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China, located on the south coast of the country. It was a British colony until its transfer to China in 1997, following the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Under the "one country, two systems" principle, Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy, managing its own domestic affairs, economy, and legal system, while China handles foreign and defense matters[1][2]. Hong Kong is renowned for its role as a global financial and shipping hub. It has transitioned from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-oriented economy, becoming one of the world's leading financial centers[2][4]. The region's government is structured into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with the Chief Executive acting as the head of government[2][3]. Hong Kong's legal system is a mix of common law and Chinese customary law[3]. Key achievements include its status as a free market economy and its membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)[6]. Hong Kong is also among the most densely populated cities globally, with a population of approximately 7.5 million people[4][5]. The region celebrates its establishment as a SAR on July 1, 1997, and participates in international competitions under its own flag[3]. In recent years, Hong Kong has faced notable challenges, including widespread protests and discussions about its political status within China. Despite these challenges, Hong Kong remains a significant player in global finance and trade, maintaining its unique cultural and economic identity[2][6]. Its current relevance is underscored by its role in international trade and its continued status as a major financial center in Asia[4][6].